Kampala - In an effort to protect populations often left behind in public health campaigns, Uganda is carrying out a community-focused drive to ensure extensive mpox vaccination coverage beyond the traditional health or public service facilities.

Since February 1, vaccination teams have been visiting entertainment spots, truck stops, border crossing points and other venues to expand reach and protect populations from mpox. The approach has made it possible to reach Uganda’s key populations - meeting people where they live, work and socialize.

World Health Organization (WHO) in partnership with Most at Risk Populations Initiative (MARPI) Clinic Mulago are carrying out the campaign to vaccinate sex workers, lorry drivers, fisherfolk and other populations often underserved by mainstream health systems.

With WHO support, MARPI has trained health workers and peer educators to recognize symptoms, share accurate information and guide people to seek care. Civil society groups mobilized their networks, while individuals like Ruth Kyomugisha (one of the peers) leveraged WhatsApp and personal connections to raise awareness. “During the training, we learned how to spot symptoms early and respond immediately. This knowledge has saved lives, she says. Ruth’s outreach through tools like WhatsApp posters led to the identification of suspected cases and connection to timely care.”

“I thought I was alone in this,” says a bar attendant in Rubaga Division, Kampala city. “But MARPI found me, took care of me, and ensured I got treatment. The doctors and peers treated me like a human being, not just a case.”

Recognizing that many of these population groups work late hours, vaccination sessions were designed to run into the night. Teams set up in brothels, bars and truck stops, following peer movement plans to reach the greatest number of people. On some nights, popular DJs announced mpox symptoms and vaccination opportunities between music sets, turning entertainment venues into spaces of health education.

Brothel and bar owners also played a crucial part by opening their doors and encouraging participation. “When the bar owner told us the vaccine team was coming, we felt safe. It wasn’t just strangers, but people we knew,” explained a sex worker.

A broad coalition of partners reinforced the effort. GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance, UNICEF and the Infectious Diseases Institute provided funding, logistics and training support, while government structures ensured smooth coordination. 

Anthropologists deployed through African Volunteers Health Corps-Strengthening and Utilizing Response Groups for Emergencies (AVoHC-SURGE) worked closely with communities to address fear and reduce hesitancy. Regular meetings have also helped resolve challenges in real time and sustain momentum. Mapping transport corridors and truck stops also enabled outreach teams to reach highly mobile groups, with estimates of more than 300 000 sex workers and nearly 500 000 drivers identified as priority targets.

been remarkable. Of the 209 000 doses of mpox vaccine received in September 2025, over 190 000 have already been administered, reaching more than 93% of the target population.

This collaboration has demonstrated that meeting people where they are helps to reach even the most marginalized groups and create impact.